Module 2 · Health Insurance Basics
Lesson 2 of 5

Health Plan Types and Provider Networks

Plan type and network status can affect referrals, patient cost sharing, claim routing and whether a service has out-of-network benefits.

Beginner14-18 minFree lesson

Why plan type matters

Health plans organize access to care in different ways. A plan label can give a billing team useful context, but actual benefits must still be verified for the individual member and service.

Plan typeBeginner billing view
HMOOften uses a defined provider network and may require coordination through a primary care provider or referrals for certain services.
PPOOften provides more flexibility to use providers inside or outside the preferred network, with different member costs depending on network status.
EPOUsually centers coverage on a defined network, with limited out-of-network coverage except where the plan or applicable rules provide otherwise.
POSCombines features of network-based coordinated care with options that may allow care outside the network under different requirements or costs.

In-network vs. out-of-network

An in-network provider generally has a participation agreement with the payer or network for the applicable plan. An out-of-network provider does not participate in that network for that plan. Network status can affect the allowed amount, patient cost sharing, referral requirements and whether a benefit is available.

What the biller should verify

  • The exact plan, not just the insurance company name.
  • Whether the provider and location are participating for that plan.
  • Whether the service has in-network or out-of-network benefits.
  • Whether a referral or authorization is required.
  • Whether benefit limitations apply to the service.
Do not assume: Two patients carrying cards from the same insurer can have very different networks and benefits.

Quick knowledge check

Does the payer name alone tell you whether a provider is in-network?

No. Network participation can vary by specific plan and provider arrangement.

Which plan type is commonly associated with a preferred provider network and possible out-of-network benefits?

PPO, although actual benefits must still be verified.

Should staff promise a patient that insurance will pay based only on an HMO/PPO label?

No. The individual benefit information and payer requirements should be verified.

Save your progress

Create a free learner account to mark lessons complete and track Module 2 on your dashboard.

Create Free Account
Training note: This material is for education and staff development. Payer rules, plan benefits, coding guidance, contracts and regulations change; learners should verify current requirements with authoritative payer, CMS and coding resources when performing real billing work.