Module 2 · Health Insurance Basics
Lesson 3 of 5

Patient Cost Sharing: Deductibles, Copays and Coinsurance

Patient responsibility is easier to understand when you separate the different kinds of cost sharing and calculate them from the correct allowed amount and benefit information.

Beginner16-20 minFree lesson

Four terms beginners must separate

TermWhat it generally means
PremiumThe amount paid for insurance coverage. It is not the same as a charge for a specific visit.
DeductibleAn amount the member may need to satisfy before certain covered benefits begin paying according to the plan.
CopayA fixed amount assigned to the member for a covered service under the plan.
CoinsuranceA percentage of an applicable allowed amount that may be assigned to the member.
Out-of-pocket maximumA plan-defined limit on certain member cost sharing during a benefit period; what counts toward it depends on the plan and applicable rules.

Why the allowed amount matters

The provider's charge and the payer's allowed amount are not necessarily the same. Contract terms and plan rules can affect the amount used to calculate payment and patient responsibility.

Simple example

Assume a service has an allowed amount of $200 and the member has 20% coinsurance for that service, with no remaining deductible for this example. Twenty percent of $200 is $40. The example illustrates the math only; the actual remittance and applicable plan rules determine the final account action.

Billing discipline: Do not calculate patient responsibility from assumptions alone. Review eligibility information, contractual terms and the payer's adjudication before treating an amount as final.

Quick knowledge check

A $30 amount due for each office visit is most likely what type of cost sharing?

Copay.

If coinsurance is 20% of a $150 applicable allowed amount, what is the simple coinsurance amount?

$30, before considering any other applicable plan rules.

Is a premium the same as a deductible?

No. A premium pays for coverage; a deductible is a form of member cost sharing that may apply to covered services.

Free learner resource

Patient Cost-Sharing Practice Worksheet

Free learner accounts can download practice scenarios covering deductibles, copays, coinsurance and allowed amounts.

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Training note: This material is for education and staff development. Payer rules, plan benefits, coding guidance, contracts and regulations change; learners should verify current requirements with authoritative payer, CMS and coding resources when performing real billing work.